INDUS

CRICKET
Cricket is a bat-and-ball sport contested by two teams, usually of eleven players each.[1] A cricket match is played on a grass field, roughly oval in shape, in the centre of which is a flat strip of ground 22 yards (20.12 m) long, called a cricket pitch. A wicket, usually made of wood, is placed at each end of the pitch.
The bowler, a player from the fielding team, bowls a hard, fist-sized cricket ball from the vicinity of one wicket towards the other. The ball usually bounces once before reaching the batsman, a player from the opposing team. In defence of the wicket, the batsman plays the ball with a wooden cricket bat. Meanwhile, the other members of the bowler's team stand in various positions around the field as fielders, players who retrieve the ball in an effort to stop the batsman scoring runs, and if possible to get him or her out. The batsman — if he or she does not get out — may run between the wickets, exchanging ends with a second batsman (the "non-striker"), who has been waiting near the bowler's wicket. Each completed exchange of ends scores one run. Runs are also scored if the batsman hits the ball to the boundary of the playing area. The match is won by the team that scores more runs.
Cricket has been an established team sport for hundreds of years and is the second most popular sport in the world. More than 150 countries are affiliated to the International Cricket Council, cricket's international governing body. The sport's modern form originated in England, and is most popular in the present and former members of the Commonwealth. In the countries of South Asia, including India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, cricket is the most popular sport. It is also a major sport in England, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Zimbabwe and the English-speaking countries of the Caribbean, which are collectively known in cricketing parlance as the West Indies. Many countries also have well-established amateur club competitions, including the Netherlands, Kenya, Nepal and Argentina.
The sport is followed with passion in many different parts of the world. It has even occasionally given rise to diplomatic outrage, notoriously the Basil D'Oliveira affair (which led to the banning of South Africa from sporting events) and the Bodyline Test series in the early 1930s (which led to a temporary deterioration in relations between Australia and the United Kingdom).
Contents[hide]
1 Overview
2 Results
3 Laws of cricket
3.1 Players and officials
3.1.1 Players
3.1.2 Umpires
3.1.3 Scorers
3.2 The playing field
3.2.1 The pitch
3.2.2 The nature of the pitch
3.2.3 Parts of the field
3.2.4 Placements of players
3.3 Match structure
3.3.1 The toss
3.3.2 Overs
3.3.3 End of an innings
3.3.4 Playing time
3.3.5 Batting
3.3.6 Run scoring
3.3.7 Extras
3.4 Bowling and dismissals
3.4.1 Bowling
3.4.2 Dismissal of a batsman
3.5 Fielding
3.6 Other roles
3.6.1 Captain
3.6.2 Runners
3.6.3 Substitutes
4 History
5 Forms of cricket
5.1 Test cricket
5.2 One-day cricket
5.2.1 Twenty20 Cricket
5.3 First-class matches
5.4 Other forms of cricket
6 International structure
7 See also
8 References
9 External links

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